• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    FIELD: transport engineering. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of movement by uniformly distributing the load between the front and rear wheels. The rear wheels are mounted for rotation on two longitudinal beams 9 or spars 11 of the rear wheels 4 that extend from the rear of the machine back at a distance from each other. The rear axle 11 of the rear wheels 4 is generally U-shaped and contains a drive device 14. Between the rear the wheels in this case have a free space 15, which allows the attachment of auxiliary devices and units. 2 hp f-ly. l13il sk y 00 00 4 O SB
    公开号:SU1628840A3
    申请号:SU884355951
    申请日:1988-06-28
    公开日:1991-02-15
    发明作者:Бальтеншпергер Эдуард
    申请人:Эдуард Бальтеншпергер И Курт Айхер (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD: transport engineering.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of movement by uniformly distributing the load between the front and rear wheels.
    Figure 1 shows a conventional tractor design, top view; figure 2 - tractor of the proposed design with a U-shaped attachment of the rear wheels, top view; fig. 3 - the same, with a U-shaped attachment of the rear wheels and a unit for hanging guns with three attachment points; FIG. 4 is the same, with a U-shaped attachment of the rear wheels and an additional leading track; on fmg.5 - the same, with a U-shaped fastening of the rear wheels and a hitch assembly of a saddle and a gacha in front of the center line of the rear wheels; 6 - the same, with a U-shaped mounting of the rear wheels and a double winch suspended between the rear wheels; FIG. 7 is the same, with a U-shaped mounting of the rear wheels and a fertilizer spreader mounted between the rear wheels; in FIG. 8, the same vehicle, with a U-shaped mounting of the rear wheels and an irrigation unit suspended between the rear wheels; FIG. 9 is the same, with a U-shaped mounting of the rear wheels and a rear loading scoop; in fig. 10 - mount the rear wheels with an integral drive, a cut; in fig. 11 - rear-wheel drive with chain transmission and planetary gear, longitudinal section; Fig, 12 - rear-wheel drive with chain drive and gearbox with internal small gear, longitudinal section; Fig, 13 - drive rear wheels with a gear, a longitudinal section.
    Although the description of the invention generally refers to a tractor, the proposed design is applicable to all types of tractors and trucks.
    Figure 1 shows a conventional tractor with a frame with a motor superstructure 1, a massive rear axle 2 and a drive unit 3 for the rear wheels 4. The design of such a tractor leads to an unequal distribution of weight on the axle (about a third of the weight falls on the front axle and two thirds of the weight rear axle 2). If the three-point suspension of the gun on the articulated joints 5 (figure 1), which can be displaced in a vertical plane using a hydraulic device (not shown in detail), should be placed behind the rear wheel drive unit 4, however, this leads to an additional displacement the weight, since the working implement, strengthened on the hinge bolts 5, acts as a lever with a pivot point on the rear axle;
    it unloads, so an additional load is applied to the rear axle 4 on the rear axle. As a result of this, the point of contact of the rear wheels 4 exerts a lot of pressure on the ground
    5 and destroy its structure, i.e. both the capillary nature of the soil, and the smallest and smallest living creatures in the soil.
    Often envisioned for increased stability and better controllability.
    10 tractor additional weights 7 in the front part of the tractor do not change anything in the sense of a large load on the rear wheels 4 and cannot unload them, this increases the overall weight of the tractor, which leads to an additional load on the soil.
    Figure 2 shows the proposed tractor, which, like conventional tractors, has a superstructure 1 with an engine 8. The machine can be designed as
    20 with rear-wheel drive only, and with all-wheel drive. Both rear wheels 4 do not rotate as usual on one rigid driving axle, but are mounted on two longitudinal beams 9 or lateral projections 10
    25 suspension 11 rear wheels 4. A conventional axle is not there, but this wheel attachment performs both the frame function and the axle function. Such an abutment preferably comprises a transverse structure 12 and a two-sided 30 longitudinal beams 9 and, in general, are U-shaped. The transverse structure 12 is rigidly connected to the end 13 of the machine frame. Both the transverse structure 12 and the longitudinal beams 9 inside are empty and
    35 made in the form of torsionally rigid and durable casings. Both rear wheels rotate at the free ends of the longitudinal beams 9 and are driven through a gear 14 placed inside the wheel hanger 11.
    40 The cavity of the transverse structure 12 has at the same time enough space for the transversal transmission (trailed gear and differential). The width of the transverse structure 12 determines the distance between
    45 rear wheels 4.
    Between the rear wheels, due to the use of laterally spaced beams 9, directed backwards, there remains a free space 15, which in the shown
    The example 50 in the plan is approximately rectangular. U-shaped fastening of the wheels 4 is preferably performed supine, i.e. approximately parallel to the horizontal plane. The two lateral longitudinal beams 9 or 55 of the side member are so long that their beginning on the frame of the machine. Or on the transverse structure 12, lies ahead or in the front edges of the rear wheels 4. The free space between the rear wheels 4 is determined
    the appropriate choice of the lengths of the longitudinal beams or spars and their transverse spacing, as well as the loads arising from the driving and the thickness of the material for the suspension of the wheels 11 required to carry them 4.
    The distance between the wheels is about the same as in conventional tractors, although longitudinal backward beams 9 or spars are provided.
    Until now, the clutch cover was made elongated, and the remaining parts were chosen so large as to obtain the necessary length of the base of the tractor. In order to obtain a compact design in the proposed tractor, it is possible to refuse a large clutch cover and at this expense to obtain the usual position of the wheels. The remaining space between the rear wheels 15 allows you to attach or hang working implements or other devices, or attach attachable implements or trailers. Such a design allows the center of gravity of the provided implements or weights to be moved forward along the course and to obtain a more uniform weight distribution between the front and rear axles of the vehicle.
    Fig. 3 shows an exemplary version of a tractor with a three-point suspension for hanging, for example, agricultural implements. Three articulated rods 5 are hinged on carrier profile 16. Comparison with figure 1, where a conventional tractor is depicted with a three-point suspension, makes it possible to understand that at the same position relative to the axes of the wheels of an agricultural implement (not shown in detail), which is reinforced on the free ends of the articulated joints, g 5, in the proposed tractor, longer pulls are used, resulting in greater freedom of movement, i.e. greater deviation sideways, as well as greater vertical movement. Due to this, it is possible to move longer guns or combinations of guns by means of a hydraulic lift (not shown), which was previously impossible due to the lack of sufficient freedom of movement. The use of longer articulated joints in a conventional tractor gives the working tool an extension backwards, and this greatly reduces turning and movement stability.
    Fig. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a tractor with a new propulsor for using the tractor as a tractor with an increased thrust. At the rear end 13 of the frame of the machine is installed the leading caterpillar 17, which is mainly located between
    rear wheels A. This caterpillar (or propulsion unit) 17 is positioned in the longitudinal direction of the machine so that its middle axis coincides with or is close to the axial line of the rear wheels.
    The control of the machine does not deteriorate, since during driving and turning the machine, both the driving caterpillar 17 and the rear wheels remain mostly on
    0 a common line transverse to the direction of movement. Due to the use of the caterpillar 17, a relatively light tractor in the shortest time turns into a powerful tractor tractor. This is especially valuable in agriculture, where tractors are required for applicability in numerous ways. Until now, it was required to use in most cases two types of tractors to close all the work. With 3 large areas of contact with the driving track 17, the maximum pressure on the soil from the rear wheels can be reduced and, at the same time, traction is increased, which is especially required
    5 when plowing, harrowing or heavy harvesting. In case of difficult work, for example, the shortening of beets for sowing, due to the use of rycL, s, soil compaction can be avoided. So lk caterpillar can
    0 can be made with a height of only about 50 cm, additional devices can be used at the same time, for example, a three-point suspension, a trailer unit, a rear scoop for loading.
    5Ha 5 shows a tractor with a saddle
    node 18 for semi-trailer. The advantage of mounting the rear wheels according to the invention is that heavy semi-trailers can be hitched and supported.
    0 behind the axis of the rear wheels, as before, and in front or on the axis of the rear wheels - their axial line 19. Thus, it is possible to have a significantly greater load on the tractor’s hitch unit - t gachi without unloading its front axle 20, due to which control of the entire train would be lost. Moreover, it is possible to unload the axle of the trailer by transferring part of the load on the tractor. This is an improved load distribution for
    0 axes together improves driving safety due to the best running properties and the ability to brake the tractor during fast driving, especially in road traffic conditions.
    5 Figure 6-8 shows the proposed vehicle with installed working devices. In the three examples shown, it can be seen that the space available between the rear wheels 4 can be used for often bulky and heavy work tools. Double winch 21 is used, for example, in forestry, reinforced by means of suspension device 22 at the rear end 13 of the tractor. The center of gravity of heavy winches in this case turns out to be in the region of the imaginary rear axle of the tractor, which gives an even distribution of loads on the front and rear wheels. At the same time, a better transfer of the lift-off load per tonne-hitch is achieved, so that when working through the wheels, it is possible to transmit a greater torque than before, which is especially important with heavy loads or on the rise.
    7 shows another possibility of using the device. Here, between the two rear wheels 4, there is a fertilizer spreader 23, which often weighs more than 500 kg in a loaded state and does not have to be installed, as previously, far behind the axis of the rear wheel. Due to this, the additional weights 7 (fig. 1), which usually have to be mounted on the front part 24 of the tractor, are eliminated, because as a result of the transfer of the manure spreader with its center of gravity forward in the direction of movement it no longer has a lever effect on the tractor relative to the rear axle. The weight of the fertilizer spreader loads the rear axle directly or even slightly ahead of it, which at the same time leads to good driving characteristics.
    Similarly, a watering or spraying device 25 (Fig. 8) can be used if it is hung on a tractor. The tank 26 with a sprayed composition with several hundred or more thousand liters of contents is in a good position in the area between the rear wheels 4. Besides reducing the pressure on the soil, due to a better weight distribution, you can also reduce the total length of the tractor with the spray bar compared to the usual combination of tractor with trailer. At this expense, greater agility is achieved. Compared to applications, so far for better load distribution of vehicles with load bridges and similar superstructures for installing working tools above the rear axle, the proposed construction has a significantly smaller overall height, since the space between the large rear wheels is ideally used.
    Figure 9 shows the proposed tractor with installed rear boot scoop 27. In conventional tractors installed
    Such a scoop was impossible behind the tractor due to the axial block 3 (figure 1). A large number of drawbacks of a conventional front loader with a scoop
    5 may be replaced by a better and more productive proposed machine. Using a mounting device 28, a hydraulically movable suspension assembly 29 is installed on the tractor frame at the back. To increase traction with the soil and reduce pressure on it, the leading track 17 can also be used together with the loading scoop (Fig. 4). This allows for no further changes.
    15 soil excavation as special construction machines. Such work was not possible with conventional loaders with a scoop ahead due to loads determined by the weight distribution. To that
    As compared with conventional loaders, it is possible to use significantly larger scoops and, at this expense, significantly increase productivity when loading. The free space between the rear wheels allows you to attach other accessories or working tools, or trailers and other machines. You can also place uncomfortable loads, implements or pallets for loading between
    30 rear wheels. At the same time, mounting devices, clutch units and other auxiliary devices can be provided directly on the frame of the machine or on the suspension 11 of the wheels 4.
    35 Suspension 11 wheels 4 may also have a shape other than U-shaped. Thus, in particular, the transverse structure can disappear and two beams 9 leaving one point can be provided. For special applications the transverse structure 12 can be made even wider and more solid, so that back beams 9 can be outside the rear wheels, and their axles 19 can roll in these beams 9 and
    45 can be directed inside. At this expense, it becomes possible to use working tools or auxiliary devices also on the outer side of the rear wheels and beams 9 or to have a support there. Longitudinal
    50 beams 9 can be forked at free ends, with the rear wheels each being placed between these forks.
    To achieve a uniform load in the longitudinal beams 9 or spars and
    55, with appropriate design of the frame of the machine, the suspension 11 of the wheels 4 can also be tilted relative to the horizontal position and go, for example, obliquely downwards and backwards. In addition, with the appropriate construction of the frame of the machine, the transverse structure may fall off or be made as one piece with the frame, and longitudinal arrows may extend directly from the frame,
    Possible drive 14 for the rear wheels 4 is schematically shown in figure 10. Inside the transverse structure 12, there is a transverse transmission (pulverized gear and differential) 30, which is connected to the engine 8 via the drive shaft 31 and gearbox 32 (figure 1). Through the shafts 33 and drive elements 34, preferably a chain drive, both rear wheels 4 are driven. Gearbox 35 is provided at each end of the longitudinal beam 9. Preferably, this gearbox is designed so that it projects into the rear wheels 4.
    Two possible variants of the chain transmission 36 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. Since the longitudinal beams 9, especially when driving on uneven ground, are subject to increased loads and can be deformed, the use of chain transmissions is an advantage. Due to them, the mechanical load during the transmission of forces from the shafts 33 on the axis 19 of the rear wheels 4 can be reduced or compensated. In addition, such chain transmissions have relatively low force losses — on the order of 1%. Chains with an internal small gear (Figure 12) or a planetary gearbox (Figure 11) can be used.
    With sufficient strength of the casing walls of the longitudinal beams 9 for driving the rear wheels 4, a gear 35 can also be used (Fig. 13). Through a chain of spur gears 37, a force is transmitted from the shafts 33 on the axis 19 of the rear wheels 4.
    Another embodiment of the invention provides a hydrostatic drive for the rear wheels 4, or for all-wheel drive, as well as for the front wheels. The necessary connecting pipes are conducted inside the suspension 11 of the rear wheels 4 or along it to the respective gearboxes 35.
    Preferably, the gear housing, the suspension 11 of the rear wheels 4 and the drive 14 are made of lightweight structures. This gives a reduction in the total weight of the vehicle. Since the weight distribution due to the attachment of the rear wheels according to the invention no longer falls primarily on the rear wheels, which does not decrease power due to the low weight of the vehicle. In addition, for large traction capacities, there is the possibility of using an additional traction unit.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    1. T Hach or a truck, predominantly a tractor, containing a frame with
    at least one rear wheel drive, a hollow crossmember located in the rear wheels area and connected to the frame, two longitudinally placed hollow spars, one end connected to the cross member, and on the outer side at their other end are mounted for rotation along one rear driving wheel , while in the cavity of the cross member is placed
    drive, and in the longitudinal members there are transmissions of the drive of the rear driving wheels, as well as nodes for connecting auxiliary devices and assemblies mounted in the free zone on the cross member between the side members, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of movement due to uniform load distribution between the front and rear wheels, spars are connected to the cross member
    in front of or in the area of the front edges of the rear wheels, and the cross member is rigidly connected to the frame.
    [2]
    2. T Hach or a cargo vehicle according to claim 1. Distinguished by the fact that
    Spars mounted additional nodes connecting auxiliary devices.
    [3]
    3. T Saccharum or a truck according to claim 1, characterized in that between.
    The spars have a caterpillar propulsion unit with a traction unit, while the axis of symmetry of this propulsor is transversely located in a vertical plane passing through the axles of the rear driving wheels.
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    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    US4566553A|1986-01-28|Agricultural work vehicle
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    KR930000709B1|1993-01-30|Track-laying auxiliary thrust vehicle
    CA1105519A|1981-07-21|Drawbar for a trailer
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    NL8200663A|1983-09-16|TRACTOR FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES OR THE LIKE.
    US4458772A|1984-07-10|Interchangeable undercarriage unit
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    Taniguchi1999|CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume III Plant Production Engineering, Chapter 1 Machines for Crop Production, Part 1.7. Transportation
    EP0823367A1|1998-02-11|Mobile material handling machines
    US20060104779A1|2006-05-18|Log skidder
    SU1173943A1|1985-08-23|Mobile unit
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0297430B1|1993-01-13|
    AT84478T|1993-01-15|
    CN1030386A|1989-01-18|
    US4860843A|1989-08-29|
    AU1837288A|1989-01-05|
    DE3877435D1|1993-02-25|
    CH673016A5|1990-01-31|
    CA1305505C|1992-07-21|
    AU606429B2|1991-02-07|
    EP0297430A2|1989-01-04|
    EP0297430A3|1989-10-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE1069416B|1959-11-19|Institut für Landmaschinen- und Traktorenbau, Leipzig|Motor tool carrier|
    US1327376A|1917-12-29|1920-01-06|Delieuvin Paul Albert Maurice|Device for increasing the adherence of agricultural tractors to the soil|
    US2228454A|1938-11-01|1941-01-14|Hamilton Rush|Tractor|
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    AT272097B|1967-02-23|1969-06-25|Poettinger Ohg Alois|Self-propelled haymaking and transport device|
    DE2018070A1|1970-04-15|1972-03-30|Jost, Fritz, 6660 Zweibrücken|Multipurpose motor vehicles, in particular equipment carriers|
    NL7015918A|1970-10-30|1972-05-03|
    DE2811370A1|1978-03-16|1979-09-20|Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm|Rear driven axle for utility vehicle - has independent suspension, with gearing mounted inside trailing arms|
    DE2811675A1|1978-03-17|1979-09-27|Manfred Ing Grad Nauerz|Motor vehicle track additional road drive - has traction track and independent frame connected to vehicle|
    NL8203654A|1982-09-21|1984-04-16|Patent Concern Nv|TRACTOR, IN PARTICULAR A TRACTOR FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES.|
    FR2542156B1|1983-03-09|1985-08-02|Bobard Jeune Sa Ets|
    FR2577191B1|1985-02-08|1987-04-17|Morin Freres|STAKEHOLDER TRACTOR|FR2706114B1|1993-06-08|1995-09-01|Oury Pascal|Tricycle straddle tool holder for online cultivation.|
    FR2730674A1|1994-10-03|1996-08-23|Design Performance|High performance load carrying capacity vehicle|
    US6095005A|1998-10-15|2000-08-01|Ford Motor Company|Axle drivetrain having speed reduction gear unit for automotive vehicles|
    DE10329687A1|2003-07-02|2005-01-20|Zf Friedrichshafen Ag|portal axis|
    US7234562B2|2004-08-05|2007-06-26|Cnh America Llc|C-beam suspension support|
    US7284633B2|2004-08-05|2007-10-23|Cnh America Llc|Tractor suspension with tensioned drive shaft|
    KR100941255B1|2007-10-05|2010-02-11|현대자동차주식회사|Trailing arm mounting device of small size frame in vehicle|
    US20130062854A1|2011-09-14|2013-03-14|Caterpillar Inc.|Torsion suspension system|
    RU2545050C1|2014-02-24|2015-03-27|Николай Петрович Дядченко|Two-wheeled agricultural bridge|
    RU179587U1|2015-08-18|2018-05-17|Александр Георгиевич Батт|Vehicle|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH2497/87A|CH673016A5|1987-07-01|1987-07-01|
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